European Rail Traffic Management System
Mumbai : The ERTMS has been many years in development, with the EC working with member state governments, rail authorities and industry to enable high-speed train systems in mainland Europe to work together. There are three levels of ERTMS technology.
Level one
An ATP system overlaid on a conventional fixed block signalling system, similar to that on GWR. It uses trackside transponders called Eurobalise for transmitting trackside data and signal information to trains.
Level two
A fixed-block system which uses a radio communications system across the track network including tunnels to control all train movement and provides the information on movement authority and speed without using the lineside signals, which are no longer needed if all trains are fitted with ATP.
Level three
This level performs the whole signalling and train control operation over a digital GSM-R radio network to determine position and speed. Also allows 'moving block' operation in which trains are separated by their safe braking distance. Allows trains to travel closer together, unlocking extra capacity on the network, and is quicker to recover from disruption.
Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS)
Developed as a cheaper way than ATP of reducing accidents caused by trains passing red signals. TPWS combines a train stop system with a speed trap. It is triggered at speeds of over 40mph and is designed to stop a train travelling at 75mph within the overlap region.
TPWS+
Involves the addition of extra speed traps further back from the signal. These can be up to 1.5km for a train travelling at 125mph.
TPWS-E
Involves the use of trackside transponders linked to train and track control, as well as speed traps, to monitor train movement. It is said to be potentially compatible with ERTMS technology.
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